Transmission
Japanese Encephalitis spreads via Culex mosquitoes that bite at dusk and dawn — particularly in and around rice paddies and pig-farming areas. Pigs and wading birds are the main animal reservoirs.
Geography
Endemic across rural Asia — Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, China, Japan, Korea, parts of the Western Pacific. Transmission is seasonal in temperate zones and year-round in tropical areas.
Immunity
Two doses of IXIARO 28 days apart give strong protection. An accelerated 7-day schedule is licensed for adults 18–65. A booster 12–24 months later extends cover for continued exposure.