Zika virus

What is Zika Virus?

Zika virus is a mosquito-borne illness primarily transmitted by mosquitoes that bite during the daytime. The virus was first identified in the Zika Forest of Uganda in 1947. Initial human cases were reported in Uganda and Tanzania in 1952. Despite its presence in Africa and Asia, human cases were relatively rare until a significant outbreak occurred in Micronesia in 2007. Subsequent outbreaks spread to various Pacific Islands, and by 2015, Zika virus infections were reported in Brazil and other parts of Central and South America. During this period, Brazil observed an increase in Guillain–Barré syndrome and birth defects, linking them to Zika virus infections during pregnancy.

Symptoms

Most Zika virus infections are asymptomatic. When symptoms do occur, they are typically mild and self-limiting, lasting a few days. Symptoms can include:

• Fever
• Rash
• Headache
• Muscle and joint pain
• Conjunctivitis (red eyes)

These symptoms are similar to those of dengue fever.

Prevention Tips

To protect yourself from Zika virus, follow these precautions to avoid mosquito bites:

• Wear Protective Clothing: Cover your arms and legs with long, loose-fitting clothing.
• Use Insect Repellents: Apply repellents containing DEET to exposed skin and reapply frequently, especially over sunscreen.
• Treat Clothing: Use insecticides containing permethrin to treat your clothing, which kills mosquitoes that land on your clothes.
• Create a Mosquito-Free Environment: Utilise air conditioning, seal windows, and use plug-in mosquito killers or coils to reduce mosquito presence in your room.
• Use Mosquito Nets: Sleep under treated mosquito nets if staying in basic accommodation or seeking additional protection.

Special Considerations

• Pregnant Women: It is advised that pregnant women avoid travel to Zika-affected areas. Male partners should use condoms for 6 months after traveling to prevent sexual transmission to a pregnant partner.
• Planning Pregnancy: Female travellers should wait at least 8 weeks after visiting a Zika region before trying to conceive. Men should avoid conception for at least 3 months after travel, as the virus can persist in sperm and be transmitted sexually.

By following these preventive measures, you can reduce the risk of Zika virus infection and protect your health during travel.